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| J.R. Donuts | |
| 9170 Elk Grove-Florin Rd. Ste. F Elk Grove, California 95624 | |
| Details: _____ABOUT DONUTS______ A Donut is a sweet, deep-fried piece of dough or batter. The two most common types are the torus-shaped ring doughnut and the filled doughnut, a flattened sphere injected with jam, jelly, cream, custard, or other sweet filling. A small spherical piece of dough, originally made from the middle of a ring doughnut, may be cooked as a doughnut hole. Baked doughnuts are a variation that is baked in an oven instead of being deep fried. Possible origins Oliebollen Dutch doughnutsDoughnuts have a disputed history. One theory suggests that doughnuts were introduced into North America by Dutch settlers, who were responsible for popularizing other American desserts, including cookies, apple pie, cream pie, and cobbler. This theory is bolstered by the fact that in the mid-19th century doughnuts were called olykoeks ("oily cakes") by the Dutch. However, there is also archaeological evidence that the pastries were prepared by prehistoric Native Americans in the southwestern United States. Hansen Gregory, an American, claimed to have invented the ring-shaped doughnut in 1847 aboard a lime-trading ship when he was only sixteen years old. Gregory was dissatisfied with the greasiness of doughnuts twisted into various shapes and with the raw center of regular doughnuts. He claimed to have punched a hole in the center of dough with the ship's tin pepper box and later taught the technique to his mother. According to anthropologist Paul R. Mullins, the first cookbook mentioning doughnuts was an 1803 English volume which included doughnuts in an appendix of American recipes. By the mid-19th century the doughnut looked and tasted like today's doughnut and was viewed as a thoroughly American food. Etymology The earliest known recorded usage of the term dates an 1808 short story describing a spread of "fire-cakes and dough-nuts." Washington Irving's reference to "doughnuts" in 1809 in his History of New York is more commonly cited as the first written recording of the term. Irving described "balls of sweetened dough, fried in hog's fat, and called doughnuts, or olykoeks." These "nuts" of fried dough might now be called doughnut holes. Doughnut is the more traditional spelling, and still dominates outside the US. At present, doughnut and the shortened form donut are both pervasive in American English. The first known printed use of donut was in a Los Angeles Times article dated August 10, 1929. There, Bailey Millard jokingly complains about the decline of spelling, and that he "can't swallow the 'wel-dun donut' nor the ever so 'gud bred'." The interchangeability of the two spellings can be found in a series of "National Donut Week" articles in The New York Times that covered the 1939 World's Fair. In four articles beginning October 9, two mention the donut spelling. Dunkin' Donuts, which was founded in 1948 under the name Open Kettle (Quincy, Massachusetts), is the oldest surviving company to use the donut variation, but the now defunct Mayflower Donut Corporation appears to be the first company to use that spelling, having done so prior to World War II. Regional variations Main article: List of doughnut varieties Argentina In Argentina, the local equivalent to doughnuts are facturas,a popular baked doughnut-like pastry of German origin. Facturas are consumed massively and can be found in every corner bakery. However, doughnuts are starting to gain popularity, probably because of American influence through television series and films. They can be found in some bakeries and hypermarkets like the American Wal-Mart or Chilean Jumbo. Australia In Australia, the doughnut is almost always spelled "donut". They are a popular snack food. Hot jam doughnuts, known simply as a jam donut in Australia are particularly popular and a unique aspect of Australian culture, especially in Melbourne, Victoria and the Queen Victoria Market, where they are a tradition. Jam donuts are similar to a Berliner but are served hot with red jam (raspberry or strawberry) injected into a bun that is deep fried and then frosted in either sugar or cinnamon. Mobile vans that serve jam donuts are often used at spectator events, carnivals and fetes and also roadside at popular spots areas like airports. Jam donuts are sometimes also bought frozen. They are known, however to sometimes cause severe burns to the mouth, especially when improperly microwaved due to their distinct outer and inner layers. In South Australia, they are known as Berliner or Kitchener and often served in cafes. Traditional doughnuts are also available in Australia from specialised retailers and convenience stores although not as popular. Donut King is the largest doughnut company in Australia. Austria In Austria there is no real market for American-style donuts. Not a single nationwide chain specialized on donuts exists,[citation needed] although fast food chains like McDonald's and Burger King are offering donuts nationwide. The only store making itself quite famous selling donuts is the Viennese store Batriks Donuts. The Austrian doughnut equivalents are called Krapfen. They are especially popular during Carneval season (Fasching) and do not have the typical ring shape but instead are solid and usually filled with apricot jam (traditional) or vanilla cream (Vanillekrapfen). Belgium In Belgium, the smoutebollen are similar to the Dutch kind of oliebollen, but they usually do not contain any fruit, except for apple chunks sometimes. They are typical carnival and fair snacks and are eaten with powdered sugar on them. Canada In Canada, the doughnut follows the same design as in the United States. Several stores including Tim Hortons, as well as some U.S. chains such as Dunkin' Donuts and Krispy Kreme, make the majority of their profits by selling donuts. Another Canadian variant is the Beaver tail. Per capita, Canadians consume the most doughnuts in the world, and Canada also has the most doughnut stores per capita. China Chinese cuisine features long deep-fried doughnut sticks that are often quite oily, hence their name in Mandarin, lit. oil strips); in Cantonese, These pastries are not sweet and are often served with congee, a traditional rice porridge. There are a few sweet doughtnut-style pastries that are more regional in nature. Cantonese cuisine features an oval shaped pastry "Ox-tongue pastry" due to its tongue-like shape). Chinese restaurants in the US sometimes serve small fried pastries similar to doughnut holes. Croatia and Serbia Doughnuts similar to the Berliner are also prepared in the Northern Balkans, particularly in Croatia (pokladnice or krafne) and Serbia's Vojvodina province. They are called krofna or krafna,[citation needed] a name derived from a German word for this pastry. This type of doughnut is popular in Chile because of the large German community there and is called a Berlin (plural Berlines). It may be filled with jam or with manjar, the Chilean version of dulce de leche. Denmark In Denmark, doughnuts do also exist in their "American" shape, and these can be obtained from various stores, e.g. McDonald's and most gas stations. The Berliner, however, is also broadly available in bakeries across the country. Germany German BerlinerIn Germany, the doughnut equivalents are called Berliner (sg. and pl.), except in the capital city of Berlin itself and neighboring areas, where they are called Pfannkuchen. In middle Germany, they are called Kreppel. In southern Germany, they are also called Krapfen and are especially popular during Carnival season (Karneval/Fasching) in southern and middle Germany and on New Year's Eve in northern Germany. Berliner do not have the typical ring shape but instead are solid and usually filled with jam. Bismarcks and Berlin doughnuts are also found in the U.S., Canada, Finland, Denmark and Switzerland. Today, American style doughnuts are also available in Germany but are less popular than their native counterparts. Greece In Greece, there is a doughnut-like snack, called loukoumas ,which comes in two types (one is shaped like the number 8; the other is torus shaped like the number 0), from which the first one is crispier, whereas the second one is larger and softer. Iceland In Iceland kleinuhringur (pl. kleinuhringir and kleinuhringar) are a type of old Icelandic cuisine which resembles doughnuts. India In India, a savory, fried, ring-shaped snack called a vada is often referred to as a doughnut. The vada is made from dal, lentil or potato rather than wheat-flour. In North India, vadas are soaked in yoghurt, sprinkled with spices, and topped with a sweet and sour chutney. In South India vadas are eaten with sambar and a coconut chutney. Sweet pastries similar to old-fashioned doughnuts called balushahi and jalebi are also popular. Balushahi, also called badushah, is made from flour, deep fried in clarified butter, and dipped in sugar syrup. Balushahi is ring shaped but the hole in the center does not go all the way through. Jalebi, which is typically pretzel shaped, is made by deep frying batter in oil and soaking it in sugar syrup. A variant of jalebi, called imarti, is shaped with a small ring in the center around which a geometric pattern is arranged. Indonesia Donat Kentang is known as an Indonesian style potato doughnut; a fritter that comes in ring shape and is made from combination of flour and mashed potatoes, coated in powder sugar or icing sugar. Iran Persians are known for their zooloobiya,a fritter that comes in various shapes and sizes and coated in a sticky-sweet syrup. Israel Israeli sufganiyot in a wide variety of toppings at a bakery in Tel Aviv, IsraelJelly doughnuts, known as sufganiyah in Israel, have become a traditional Hanukkah food in the recent era, as they are cooked in oil, associated with the holiday account of the miracle of the oil. Traditional sufganyot are filled with red jelly and topped with icing sugar. However, many other varieties exist, with the more expensive ones being filled with dulce de leche. |
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| Last Tour Update: May 15, 2012 |
